Which of the following is NOT a Direct Service in the DELIVER component?

• A. Instruction
• B. Advisement
• C. Counseling
• D. Collaboration

Answer: (D)

Direct services are those delivered directly to students in the moment, with the student actively involved. In this DELIVER framework, instruction, advisement, and counseling fit that pattern: instruction teaches skills or knowledge to students, advisement helps students plan and make decisions, and counseling addresses personal or social-emotional needs through individual or small-group work. Collaboration, however, is about working with teachers, families, and other staff to coordinate supports and improve the school environment. It supports students indirectly rather than delivering a service to a student right then and there. So the choice that is not a direct service is collaboration.