In what scenarios are restorative practices preferred over punitive discipline, and what evidence supports this approach?

• A. For minor conflicts or harm to relationships; evidence shows reductions in suspensions and improved climate.
• B. For major disciplinary incidents requiring removal from school.
• C. Replace all disciplinary measures with counseling.
• D. Use restorative practices only with teachers.

Answer: (A)

Restorative practices work best when the scenario involves minor conflicts or harms to relationships. The idea is to repair the harm and restore trust through inclusive dialogue, accountability, and a concrete plan to make things right. When students, staff, and families participate in restorative circles or conferences, the focus shifts from punishment to repairing relationships and preventing similar issues in the future. This approach tends to reduce the use of suspensions and expulsions, and it commonly leads to a warmer, safer, and more connected school climate. In turn, that improved climate is linked with better attendance, engagement, and ongoing positive behavior.

Research and program evaluations have found that implementing restorative practices can meaningfully cut disciplinary removals and improve perceptions of fairness and belonging, especially for less severe incidents where harm can be addressed without removing a student from school. It’s important to note that major disciplinary incidents that require removal aren’t the typical fit for restorative processes, and these practices are most effective when used as part of a broader, collaborative discipline framework that involves students, families, and staff rather than being limited to one group (like teachers) or used as a blanket replacement for all punitive measures.